1、债券
corporations can achieve short term financing through a bills facility, however for long term financing the best method is for them to issue a bond in their own name. the government, whether on a state or provincial level issues bonds to finance large construction and development projects. corporations and many other types of companies issue bonds for expansion, asset purchases, mergers and acquisitions, etc. a bond is a promise to repay borrowed money in addition to paying interest on specified dates and is issued for a period of more than a year. these interest payments are called coupons and are usually paid semi annually or annually? there are many types of bonds, the most common of which are fixed rate bonds and floating rate notes (frns). fixed rate bonds pay a pre-determined coupon and frns pay coupons at a premium above the bank's fixed deposit rate. bonds that do not pay interest are called zero coupon bonds. this type of bond is rare, as the entire risk to investors is concentrated at the maturity date where the principal becomes payable.
公司通过汇票获得短期贷款，但是要获取长期贷款的话，最好的方法是以他们的名义发行债券。政府，不管是州级或省级政府，通过发行债券为大型建设和发展项目筹集资金。有限公司和其他类型的公司发行债券则是为了扩大规模、购置资产、合并和买进等。债券是对在规定日期偿还所借的钱并付利息的承诺，发行期限在一年以上。这些支付的利息叫做息票，通常半年或一年支付一次。债券有多种，最常见的有固定利率债券和浮动利率债券（frn）。固定利率债券支付预决息票，浮动利率债券根据银行存款利率贴水支付息票。不付息的债券叫做零息债券。这种债券很少见，因为投资者的全部风险都集中在债券到期日，即付本金的时候.
2、汇票
bills of exchange, also referred to as bills, are essentially a short term credit instrument that can be used by a company either for financing or investment. bills can be issued for any term up to a year and are generally issued for periods of less than 6 months. companies issue bills because they are a convenient form of borrowing. the difference between bills and a standard loan is that bills held by the bank can sold to investors. bills with terms of 30 days to 90 days are the easiest to trade? bills are usually an ideal loan because a company generally will not run into any problems within 3 to 6 months.
汇票，也叫票据，主要指一种可用作公司筹资或投资的短期信用票据。汇票的使用期限可以是一年以内的任何期限，但通常在六个月以内。公司签发汇票是因为它们是借款的捷径之一。汇票与正常贷款之间的差异在于银行可将持有的汇票卖给投资者。期限为30到90天的汇票最容易出手。汇票通常是最理想的贷款，因为公司一般在3到6个月的时间内出问题的几率很低.
信贷风险管理
3、risk management is an important part of the overall bank management. if mistakes are made here, it can result in substantial losses to the bank. by comparison, if you as an investor choose the wrong stock investment you will also lose. loans made by the bank to customers and companies are investments, and this is where risk management comes into use? investing is essentially a risk-return trade off. however banks tend to be more conservative when it comes to their investments, as higher risk investments may require the bank to allocate more capital to cover it in the event of a loss. this also comes at a cost to the bank.
风险管理是银行整体业务的重要组成部分。如果在这个环节上出了差错，会给银行带来巨大损失。打个比方说，如果你作为投资者买错了股票，你就会赔钱。银行借给客户和公司的贷款是投资，也正是风险管理发挥作用的地方。投资主要是一种风险回报权衡。但是，银行在投资时更趋于谨慎，因为如果更高风险的投资亏损的话，可能要求银行分配更多的资金来填补它。这也是银行所付出的代价。
定期存款
4、Time/Term Deposit
Savings account held in a bank for a fixed term, or with the understanding that the customer can withdraw only by giving advanced notice.
Early Withdrawal Penalty
A penalty on money withdrawn prematurely from fixed term investments, such as time deposits.
Certificate of DepositA short to medium term investment held in a bank for a specified time. Also referred to as a time deposit.
Maturity DateThe date on which the fixed deposit term ends. Where the principal with interest is paid to the customer.
PrincipalAn original investment amount excluding interest or an initial amount borrowed excluding interest.
Interest OptionChoices for customers regarding which method used to calculate interest payments on investments.
Compound Interest Interest which is calculated on the initial principal as well as the accumulated interest of prior periods.
Reinvest at MaturityAn option, where fixed deposits are reinvested at similar terms without needing to complete additional application forms.
定期存款
储蓄账户存在银行里一个固定的期间，或者与客户达成谅解，客户可以在提前通知后支取。
提前支取罚金
定期存款在未到期时提前支取需要支付的罚金。
存单固定期间投资在银行的短期中期存款。亦指定期存款。
到期日固定存款期间结束的日期。到期本息一起支付给客户。
本金不包括利息的原始投资，亦指不包括利息的原始贷款。
利息选择客户对于利息计算方式的选择权。
复利计利时不仅计算原始本金而且计算此前累计利息的利息计算方式。
到期转存不需要再填申请表就可以以类似条款继续投资的选择权。 |
